Muci language investigation draft

Music language investigation

Music artist use various linguistic  techniques  to portray their message through lyrics which includes discourse of verses and phonological features. I will  explore if there is any difference between the way male and female artist use language in their songs. I will be discuss how the way they use language could have contributed to their success as an artist. I believe there must be a reason why there songs has reached popularity and I believe it is linked to how they use language.  

Another way artist use songs to portray a message is through story telling and making the songs relatable. In the song "Wet Dreamz" J.Cole discusses how he loses his virginity.  I think the reason this song  became so popular reaching 12th place in rap songs charts of 2015, is maybe because it is taboo. As a society we don’t talk about sex openly so when Cole wrote a song about it, it was relatable. To an extent taboo subjects could be said to be the most relatable. In music more often than not it is more common that males talk about taboo  subjects, for example in the sub category of music RAP (rhythm and poetry) which is a male dominated genre, typical topics are drugs, sex and violence which are all seen as taboo. There is a only a small percentage of female rappers that can be representative of women.   

Though this is typical for men to be more likely to speak of taboo subjects and use taboo language, some females artist do touch on more taboo  subjects also.  In Miley Cyrus'  song BB talk she talks about how she only wants a sexual relationship and nothing more. This would be considered taboo because it goes against what stereotypically how relationships should be.  She uses taboo language throughout the song and especially repeats a taboo phrase. "Fuck me so stop baby talking".  

Taylor swift in comparison is much more subtle in the way she tackles taboo subjects. In her song "This love" she is very metaphoric to give ambiguity so the listener has have a pragmatic understanding of what she is talking about. "tossing and turning through the night with someone new" though this utterance has an ambiguity most people would interpret it as being promiscuous.  

  

    

Zak draft

Zak transcript draft

When looking at the transcript we have to take into account the age of Zak so we have an idea of how much progress should have made . In the transcript Zak is about 2 years old and 4 months and is should be in the telegraphic stage. Meaning that he should be speaking in short utterances using the most basic techniques. In the first transcript I noticed that Zak was using a lot of non  standard forms for example he attempts to pluralize the noun skin by calling it skins. Since Zak does not have a full understanding of proper grammar yet, he often tries to understand as can be seen but still needs time to figure it out. I also noticed even though Halla knows that Skins is not the standard form she still reinforces the use of the word skins. This is called echoing, I believe we do this because even though the form is incorrect we still want to encourage the child to speak. I also think that it is much more reassuring for a child to not be constantly corrected so that they gain confidence in speaking. If he were to be corrected for every mistake it is most possible that he would be more confused  

In the first transcript it is Halla who is setting the Agenda, she uses the interrogative , "What are you doing" to start conversation with Zak, but in the second transcript both are equally trying to set the agenda. Halla is is trying to convince Zak to eat breakfast but Zak diverges from that topic in order to avoid eating breakfast.  

I noticed that Zak's fluency in speech is varies, he is least fluent performing other tasks while talking. For example when he is  drawing the banana and Halla asks what he  is doing, in Zak's response to the interrogatives, he restarts and then recovers the constantly. 

Methodology

Methodology 

In my essay I will write about the phonological and language features used by different music artist of different sex and analyze how they use language to portray their message as well as why there may or may not be any difference. As we already know there is all ready a preconception of how men and women speak so I will challenge those ideas and conclude whether they are true or false. My hypothesis is that language used by different sex artist will be different.  

I will analyze  two popular music artist, one male and one female, I will only use the artist that write or co write their own songs. This way I know the songs they sing are a true reflection of how they use language to portray the message they're trying to let out. This will make for a more reliable results as I'm using the same artist. Using too many artist may mean I have to look at more variables that are irrelevant to the thing I want to find out. I'm also trying to minimize as many variables as I can for example I'm using two artist that are of very similar age, and ethnicity. The less variables there are to consider the easier it will be to analyze the differences in male and female language. 
I will have four artist and analyse three songs per artist, I will use two female and two male artist. If the song is co written i will make sure the co writer is also of the same sex. 

My method of collecting data will just analyze song lyrics three songs per artist, this will give me enough data to get a idea of the language techniques used by each of he writers. Also I'm only using the same two artist so that it can be comparable.  Since I'm only using song lyrics which are public to all, there will be no ethical issue of personal invasion. To make the research more contemporary I will only use artist that are still presently relevant and songs will only be used from 2000 and onward. I believe analyzing songs that are older may not be as relevant because of all the social change that has happened in the last century. With all the change that has happened it would not be very representable to be analyzing older texts.

Child language acquisition stages of development

Child language acquisition 

Babbling	6-8 months	Repetitive CV patterns
One-word stage (better one-morphemeor one-unit)or holophrastic stage	9-18 months	Single open-class words or word stems
Two-word stage	18-24 months	"mini-sentences" with simple semantic relations
Telegraphic stage or early multiword stage (better multi-morpheme)	24-30 months	"Telegraphic" sentence structures oflexical rather than functional orgrammatical morphemes
Later multiword stage	30+ months	Grammatical or functional structures emerge

Terminology

Terminology

A-Level English Glossary from BC ALevels

Michael Rosen Turn taking

Michael Rosen Turn taking

This Podcast is about way humans turn take and why it has become a very influential part of everyday life. Turn taking has been around before language and they discuss that even in animals there is turn taking. Supposedly it is the fastest human reaction and is one of the first things that we learn when developing as a baby.

Plan to axe feminism from A level politics.

Plan to axe feminism from A level politics.

English Resources

AS ENGLISH LANGUAGE (7701/2)

http://filestore.aqa.org.uk/resources/english/AQA-77012-COM.PDF

AS English Language SAMs commentary Paper 2

3Ds

Deficit

Deficit 

Bristol University guide to grammar.

 Bristol University guide to grammar.

A)Handy for revision.

B)Punctuation and structure.

• structure of text. 
• punctuation
• graphology
• Discourse
• FPA (form purpose and audience) 
• punctuation.
• syntax e.g compound, complex, main and subordinate clauses   
• utterances 
• Syntax functions. Imperative, interrogatives. exclaimative, declarative 

C)  Homophones

• Lexis/semantics/pragmatics

D) exam responses

E) Other pitfalls and platform (conjunctions 

• Lexis
• grammar

F) FPA ( form purpose audience

G) handy for revision 

10 Reasons why English is weird.

This image displays how one word can be used in several ways.

Femvertising

Femvertising

This article is about the current surge of feminist adverts. The article talk about how the term doing something like "girl" has become an insult. The company always are on a campaign to promote feminism.

'Talking Black' and 'Talking white'

'Talking Black' and 'Talking white'

This article is about the apparent disdain many black people have for the use of proper English and the level academic achievement that black people have. 

David Pinker Ted Talks

David Pinker Language Talk.

This video is about the way we use Language in learning and communicating. 

Awkward interviews. Charlie Sheen

I'm not bipolar i'm bi-winning

In this Interview actor Charlie Sheen denies that he has any psychological issues. He discusses his use of drugs and how he has been coping with all the recent events in his life.

Reviews

Stankonia Album Review by the BBC

This article is a review about the album made by Andre 3000 and Big boi called Stankonia. The purpose of it is to inform about the influence of the album has had on the Hip hop/RNB industry.The Article is mainly targeted at music listeners. In particular those who listen to RNB/Hip hop. 

Who will replace Luke Shaw?

This article is in the form of a news report. Its informs and the reader about the latest injury of the left back of Manchester united player Luke Shaw. It also Speculates on which player from the team could possible replace him during his time away. The audience of this article will most likely be Sports enthusiast and Football fans. In particular those who support Manchester United.

Awkward interviews. Russel Westbrook

Russel Westbrook post game interview.
This interview is after a loss that OKC basketball player Russel Westbook answers some question about how the game went. He does not give the preferred response that would be expected.

Frameworks and Language.

Lexis- Word of choice. meaning at word and phrase level.
Semantics- Meanings of words.
Grammar- How language is built i.e the structure and rules which underpin how we form sentences.
Phonology-  How we organise the sounds of our language to produce the certain effects including rhythm, intonation, stress, pauses etc.
Pragmatics-How we know what language means when it is used in specific context, sometimes described as 'reading' between the lines.
Discourse- How long stretches of text are organised (cohesion- how it holds together e.g discourse markers) The way text create identities for particular individuals, groups or institutions e.g the discourse of law, politics and the media.

History of Sexist language

History of Sexist language
In this article it discusses the way we speak English has slowly changed in order to show more equality between males and females. It analysis text and shows indication of how English used to be of a more sexist language.